See -ad on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-άς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -άς (-ás)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek -άς (-ás) (genitive -άδος (-ádos)): a suffix forming feminine nouns.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "-adic"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "chiliad, duodecad"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a unit or set (especially of a specified number)"
],
"id": "en--ad-en-suffix-yKhOXmR4",
"links": [
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"set",
"set"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad",
"4": "",
"5": "at"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad (“at”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q6220644"
},
"expansion": "Coined by British anatomist John Barclay",
"name": "coin"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ad (“at”). Coined by British anatomist John Barclay.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"sense": "didn't catch on",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "tibiad; ulnad"
}
],
"glosses": [
"toward"
],
"id": "en--ad-en-suffix-en:toward",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine, anatomy) toward"
],
"senseid": [
"en:toward"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ház (“house”) → a házad (“your house”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"your (second-person singular informal, single possession)"
],
"id": "en--ad-hu-suffix-hu:possessive",
"links": [
[
"your",
"your"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possessive suffix) your (second-person singular informal, single possession)"
],
"senseid": [
"hu:possessive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"possessive",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "száz (“hundred”) → század (“hundredth”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-th. Added to a cardinal number to form a fraction."
],
"id": "en--ad-hu-suffix-hu:fraction",
"links": [
[
"-th",
"-th"
],
[
"cardinal number",
"cardinal number#English"
],
[
"fraction",
"fraction#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "fraction-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(fraction-forming suffix) -th. Added to a cardinal number to form a fraction."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:fraction"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "olvad (“to melt”)"
},
{
"text": "szak (“part”) + -ad → szakad (“to tear (clothing)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a stem to form a verb."
],
"id": "en--ad-hu-suffix-hu:verb",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem to form a verb."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 25 23 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sarkad, Várad"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix in names of settlements."
],
"id": "en--ad-hu-suffix-hu:settlement",
"qualifier": "settlement suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(settlement suffix) Suffix in names of settlements."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:settlement"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɒd]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒd"
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form past participle form of many weak verbs"
],
"id": "en--ad-nn-suffix-Lgvx7DUJ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, nonstandard) Used to form past participle form of many weak verbs"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-od"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -od"
],
"id": "en--ad-ang-suffix-MJ8zvUmg",
"links": [
[
"-od",
"-od#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-adh"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "-ey"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-adh"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-tus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the various thematic vowels of verb stems plus Proto-Celtic *-tus, i.e. from *-atus, *-ātus, *-etus, and *-ītus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ud",
"raw_tags": [
"with A II verbs"
],
"tags": [
"alternative",
"often"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "forms the genitive singular in <i class=\"Latn mention nowrap\" lang=\"sga\">-(a)tho</i>",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ad m (forms the genitive singular in -(a)tho)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 9 2 6 6 10 26 7 2 2 6 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 6 1 5 5 8 23 2 11 2 5 1 3 2 1 5 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 4 1 5 6 8 26 1 12 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 8 23 7 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix forming verbal nouns"
],
"id": "en--ad-sga-suffix-17f7R~O2",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-to"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-to",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the various thematic vowels of verb stems plus Proto-Celtic *-to, i.e. from *-ato, *-āto, *-eto, and *-īto.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ud",
"raw_tags": [
"with A II verbs"
],
"tags": [
"alternative",
"often"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming the third-person singular imperative form"
],
"id": "en--ad-sga-suffix-jmfcrfeo",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming the third-person singular imperfect indicative form"
],
"id": "en--ad-sga-suffix-KhNb7sZY",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming the third-person singular past subjunctive form"
],
"id": "en--ad-sga-suffix-u5joIosR",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming the third-person singular conditional form of reduplicated and ē-future stems"
],
"id": "en--ad-sga-suffix-TswY1Qja",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming the singular passive conjunct preterite form of s-preterite stems"
],
"id": "en--ad-sga-suffix-tpUjW9ML",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ād",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-а̄д",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ād",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ād f (Cyrillic spelling -а̄д, noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Àrapčād"
},
{
"word": "burad"
},
{
"word": "ćebad"
},
{
"word": "drvljad"
},
{
"word": "jarad"
},
{
"word": "jȕnād"
},
{
"word": "Latinčad"
},
{
"word": "mȍmčād"
},
{
"word": "pȁstorčād"
},
{
"word": "pȁščād"
},
{
"word": "pȅrād"
},
{
"word": "pilad"
},
{
"word": "prȁsād"
},
{
"word": "ropčad"
},
{
"word": "sȉročād"
},
{
"word": "ùnučād"
},
{
"word": "varoščad"
},
{
"word": "ždrȅbād"
},
{
"word": "žȉvād"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "mòmče (“young man (expressive)”) + -ad → mȍmčād (“team, crew”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ždrȇbe (“foal”) + -ad → ždrȅbād (“group of foals”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pȁstorče (“stepchild”) + -ad → pȁstorčād (“stepchildren (collectively)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually a collective noun"
],
"id": "en--ad-sh-suffix-6Ewxh6fQ",
"related": [
{
"word": "-čad"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-āte",
"pos": "second-person plural present active imperative ending of first conjugation verbs"
},
"expansion": "Latin -āte (second-person plural present active imperative ending of first conjugation verbs)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -āte (second-person plural present active imperative ending of first conjugation verbs).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“Talk!”",
"text": "hablar (“to talk”) + -ad → ¡Hablad!",
"translation": "“Talk!”",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the informal second-person plural imperative mood of -ar verbs"
],
"id": "en--ad-es-suffix-vF2N4eFz",
"links": [
[
"-ar",
"-ar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ed, used to form adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun."
],
"id": "en--ad-sv-suffix-J9equPRR",
"links": [
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix forming past participle"
],
"id": "en--ad-sv-suffix-wpAi1uqS",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "-as"
},
"expansion": "Cornish -as",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Cornish -as.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-adau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iad",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-adau",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ad m (plural -adau)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "dechrau (“to start, to begin”) + -ad → dechreuad (“start, beginning”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "teimlo (“to feel”) + -ad → teimlad (“feeling”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dileu (“to delete, to erase”) + -ad → dilead (“deletion, erasure”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"show the action of a verb or its result"
],
"id": "en--ad-cy-suffix-Ss1peRpn",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ad/"
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-ad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-ad",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *-ad, from earlier *-atus, a late (British) variant of *-ātus, used to form verbal nouns from Celtic ā-stem verbs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-aid",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iad",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-aid",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ad m (plural -aid)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cadw (“to keep”) + -ad → ceidwad (“keeper”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "galw (“to call”) + -ad → geilwad (“caller”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix indicating an agent noun: -er, -or"
],
"id": "en--ad-cy-suffix-W-vwK4~Z",
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er"
],
[
"-or",
"-or"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 21 45 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ewrop (“Europe”) + -ad → Ewropead (“European”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Corea (“Korea”) + -ad → Coread (“Korean”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Norwy (“Norway”) + -ad → Norwyad (“Norwegian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person who comes from somewhere or is classed by something, -ian, -ist"
],
"id": "en--ad-cy-suffix-FV6wlcE2",
"links": [
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
],
[
"-ist",
"-ist"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ad/"
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "chemistry"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ate"
},
"expansion": "English -ate",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -ate, altered in the same manner as basged (“basket”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-adau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iad",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-adau",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ad m (plural -adau)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "cy:Chemistry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ate, suffix denoting one of a group of related compounds - nitrad (“nitrate”), sylffad (“sulfate”)."
],
"id": "en--ad-cy-suffix-6~M~g7kl",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"-ate",
"-ate"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"compound",
"compound"
],
[
"nitrad",
"nitrad#Welsh"
],
[
"sylffad",
"sylffad#Welsh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) -ate, suffix denoting one of a group of related compounds - nitrad (“nitrate”), sylffad (“sulfate”)."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ad/"
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yap",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yapese",
"lang_code": "yap",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yapese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Plural (3 or more) pronoun marker."
],
"id": "en--ad-yap-suffix-h5C~pnnN",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"categories": [
"English coinages",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"English terms coined by John Barclay",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-adic"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-άς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -άς (-ás)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek -άς (-ás) (genitive -άδος (-ádos)): a suffix forming feminine nouns.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chiliad, duodecad"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a unit or set (especially of a specified number)"
],
"links": [
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"set",
"set"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"categories": [
"English coinages",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms coined by John Barclay",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"sense": "didn't catch on",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad",
"4": "",
"5": "at"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad (“at”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q6220644"
},
"expansion": "Coined by British anatomist John Barclay",
"name": "coin"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ad (“at”). Coined by British anatomist John Barclay.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy",
"en:Medicine"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "tibiad; ulnad"
}
],
"glosses": [
"toward"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine, anatomy) toward"
],
"senseid": [
"en:toward"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian verb-forming suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒd",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒd/1 syllable"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ház (“house”) → a házad (“your house”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"your (second-person singular informal, single possession)"
],
"links": [
[
"your",
"your"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possessive suffix) your (second-person singular informal, single possession)"
],
"senseid": [
"hu:possessive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"possessive",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "száz (“hundred”) → század (“hundredth”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-th. Added to a cardinal number to form a fraction."
],
"links": [
[
"-th",
"-th"
],
[
"cardinal number",
"cardinal number#English"
],
[
"fraction",
"fraction#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "fraction-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(fraction-forming suffix) -th. Added to a cardinal number to form a fraction."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:fraction"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "olvad (“to melt”)"
},
{
"text": "szak (“part”) + -ad → szakad (“to tear (clothing)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a stem to form a verb."
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem to form a verb."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sarkad, Várad"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix in names of settlements."
],
"qualifier": "settlement suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(settlement suffix) Suffix in names of settlements."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:settlement"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɒd]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒd"
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk nonstandard terms",
"Norwegian Nynorsk suffixes",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms with archaic senses",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form past participle form of many weak verbs"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, nonstandard) Used to form past participle form of many weak verbs"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-od"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -od"
],
"links": [
[
"-od",
"-od#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish inflectional suffixes",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine suffixes",
"Old Irish noun-forming suffixes",
"Old Irish suffixes",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-adh"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "-ey"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-adh"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-tus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the various thematic vowels of verb stems plus Proto-Celtic *-tus, i.e. from *-atus, *-ātus, *-etus, and *-ītus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ud",
"raw_tags": [
"with A II verbs"
],
"tags": [
"alternative",
"often"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "forms the genitive singular in <i class=\"Latn mention nowrap\" lang=\"sga\">-(a)tho</i>",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ad m (forms the genitive singular in -(a)tho)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming verbal nouns"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish inflectional suffixes",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish suffixes",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-to"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-to",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the various thematic vowels of verb stems plus Proto-Celtic *-to, i.e. from *-ato, *-āto, *-eto, and *-īto.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ud",
"raw_tags": [
"with A II verbs"
],
"tags": [
"alternative",
"often"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming the third-person singular imperative form"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming the third-person singular imperfect indicative form"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming the third-person singular past subjunctive form"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming the third-person singular conditional form of reduplicated and ē-future stems"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming the singular passive conjunct preterite form of s-preterite stems"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Àrapčād"
},
{
"word": "burad"
},
{
"word": "ćebad"
},
{
"word": "drvljad"
},
{
"word": "jarad"
},
{
"word": "jȕnād"
},
{
"word": "Latinčad"
},
{
"word": "mȍmčād"
},
{
"word": "pȁstorčād"
},
{
"word": "pȁščād"
},
{
"word": "pȅrād"
},
{
"word": "pilad"
},
{
"word": "prȁsād"
},
{
"word": "ropčad"
},
{
"word": "sȉročād"
},
{
"word": "ùnučād"
},
{
"word": "varoščad"
},
{
"word": "ždrȅbād"
},
{
"word": "žȉvād"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ād",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-а̄д",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ād",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ād f (Cyrillic spelling -а̄д, noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-čad"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for accents in Serbo-Croatian noun entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian feminine suffixes",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian noun-forming suffixes",
"Serbo-Croatian suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "mòmče (“young man (expressive)”) + -ad → mȍmčād (“team, crew”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ždrȇbe (“foal”) + -ad → ždrȅbād (“group of foals”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pȁstorče (“stepchild”) + -ad → pȁstorčād (“stepchildren (collectively)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually a collective noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-āte",
"pos": "second-person plural present active imperative ending of first conjugation verbs"
},
"expansion": "Latin -āte (second-person plural present active imperative ending of first conjugation verbs)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -āte (second-person plural present active imperative ending of first conjugation verbs).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish suffix forms",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms inherited from Latin"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“Talk!”",
"text": "hablar (“to talk”) + -ad → ¡Hablad!",
"translation": "“Talk!”",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the informal second-person plural imperative mood of -ar verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"-ar",
"-ar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ed, used to form adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun."
],
"links": [
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming past participle"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine suffixes",
"Welsh noun-forming suffixes",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms borrowed from English",
"Welsh terms derived from English"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "-as"
},
"expansion": "Cornish -as",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Cornish -as.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-adau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iad",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-adau",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ad m (plural -adau)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "dechrau (“to start, to begin”) + -ad → dechreuad (“start, beginning”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "teimlo (“to feel”) + -ad → teimlad (“feeling”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dileu (“to delete, to erase”) + -ad → dilead (“deletion, erasure”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"show the action of a verb or its result"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ad/"
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine suffixes",
"Welsh noun-forming suffixes",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms borrowed from English",
"Welsh terms derived from English",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-ad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-ad",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *-ad, from earlier *-atus, a late (British) variant of *-ātus, used to form verbal nouns from Celtic ā-stem verbs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-aid",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iad",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-aid",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ad m (plural -aid)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cadw (“to keep”) + -ad → ceidwad (“keeper”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "galw (“to call”) + -ad → geilwad (“caller”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix indicating an agent noun: -er, -or"
],
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er"
],
[
"-or",
"-or"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ewrop (“Europe”) + -ad → Ewropead (“European”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Corea (“Korea”) + -ad → Coread (“Korean”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Norwy (“Norway”) + -ad → Norwyad (“Norwegian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person who comes from somewhere or is classed by something, -ian, -ist"
],
"links": [
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
],
[
"-ist",
"-ist"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ad/"
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine suffixes",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms borrowed from English",
"Welsh terms derived from English"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "chemistry"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ate"
},
"expansion": "English -ate",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -ate, altered in the same manner as basged (“basket”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-adau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iad",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-adau",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ad m (plural -adau)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"cy:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"-ate, suffix denoting one of a group of related compounds - nitrad (“nitrate”), sylffad (“sulfate”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"-ate",
"-ate"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"compound",
"compound"
],
[
"nitrad",
"nitrad#Welsh"
],
[
"sylffad",
"sylffad#Welsh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) -ate, suffix denoting one of a group of related compounds - nitrad (“nitrate”), sylffad (“sulfate”)."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ad/"
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yap",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yapese",
"lang_code": "yap",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yapese entries with incorrect language header",
"Yapese lemmas",
"Yapese suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Plural (3 or more) pronoun marker."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ad"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ad meaning in All languages combined (16.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: forms the genitive singular in -(a)tho",
"path": [
"-ad"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ad",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ad"
],
"section": "Serbo-Croatian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ad",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"-ad",
"Template:coin",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:coinage:coinage()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "-ad",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 424332386<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 23 Mar 2026 18:55:16 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"-ad",
"Template:coin",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:coinage:coinage()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "-ad",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 421123231<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 23 Mar 2026 18:56:12 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.